Hippocampus is the most widely studied brain area coupled with impairment of memory in a
variety of neurological diseases and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The limbic structures within the
Papez circuit have been linked to various aspects of cognition. Unfortunately, the brain regions
that include this memory circuit are often ignored in terms of understanding cognitive decline in
these diseases. To properly comprehend where cognition problems originate, it is crucial to clarify
any aberrant contributions from all components of a specific circuit -on both a local and a global
level. The pharmacological treatments currently available are not long lasting. Deep Brain
Stimulation (DBS) emerged as a new powerful therapeutic approach for alleviation of the
cognitive dysfunctions. Metabolic, functional, electrophysiological, and imaging studies helped to
find out the crucial nodes that can be accessible for DBS. Targeting these nodes within the
memory circuit produced significant improvement in learning and memory by disrupting
abnormal circuit activity and restoring the physiological network. Here, we provide an overview
of the neuroanatomy of the circuit of Papez along with the mechanisms and various deep brain
stimulation targets of the

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