Journal article

Bioavailability and contamination levels of Zn, Pb, and Cd in sandy-loam soils, Botswana


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Publication Details

Author list: Boitshwarelo Lorato Masocha, Oagile Dikinya and Baleseng Moseki

Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland

Publication year: 2022

Volume number: 81

Issue number: 171

ISSN: 1866-6280

eISSN: 1866-6299

URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12665-021-10129-3



Poultry litter and its biochar has been used recently as alternative efective soil organic amendments due to their signifcant efect of improving soil properties. However, detailed information on this organic amendment’s contribution to the bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil is still lacking. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the efects of incorporated poultry litter and its biochar on bioavailable Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrations in the soil using various assessment contamination methods. The soil samples treated with poultry litter and its biochar at diferent application rates of 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 g/kg were collected from a greenhouse pot experiment. The study results indicate a decreasing order in concentrations as follows; Zn (2.04 mg/kg)>Pb (0.22 mg/kg)>Cd (0.02 mg/kg). Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) for Zn was moderate (01) were observed, indicating the pollution level. Those PLI values point out the need to evaluate bioavailable heavy metals levels rather than total metal concentration for risk assessment of soil contamination by organic amendments.


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Last updated on 2025-15-05 at 09:09