Distributed generators (DGs) are increasingly employed in radial distribution systems ow-ing to their ability to reduce electrical energy losses, better voltage levels, and increased dependabilityof the power supply. This research paper deals with the utilization of a Particle Swarm Optimizationalgorithm by handling its random constraints to determine the most appropriate size and locationof photovoltaic-based DG (PVDG) to keep the asymmetries of the phases minimal in the grid. It isthus expected that this algorithm will provide an efficient and consistent solution to improve theoverall performance of the power system. The placement and sizing of the DG are done in a waythat minimizes power losses, enhances the voltage profile, i.e., bringing symmetry in the voltageprofile of the system, and provides maximum cost savings. The model has been tested on an IEEE33-bus radial distribution system using MATLAB software, in both conditions, i.e., with and withoutPVDG. The simulation results were successful, indicating the viability of the proposed model. Theproposed PSO-based PVDG model further reduced active power losses as compared to the modelsbased on the teaching–learning artificial bee colony algorithm (TLABC), pathfinder algorithm (PFA),and ant lion optimization algorithm (ALOA). With the proposed model, active power losses havereduced to 17.50%, 17.48%, and 8.82% compared to the losses found in the case of TLABC, PFA, andALOA, respectively. Similarly, the proposed solution lessens the reactive power losses compared tothe losses found through existing TLABC, PFA, and ALOA techniques by an extent of 23.06%, 23%,and 23.08%, respectively. Moreover, this work shows cost saving of 15.21% and 6.70% more thanTLABC and ALOA, respectively. Additionally, it improves the voltage profile by 3.48% of the powerdistribution system.
(1) (PDF) Optimal Location and Sizing of Photovoltaic-Based Distributed Generations to Improve the Efficiency and Symmetry of a Distribution Network by Handling Random Constraints of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373873596_Optimal_Location_and_Sizing_of_Photovoltaic-Based_Distributed_Generations_to_Improve_the_Efficiency_and_Symmetry_of_a_Distribution_Network_by_Handling_Random_Constraints_of_Particle_Swarm_Optimization#fullTextFileContent [accessed Sep 15 2023].

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