This paper derives from data obtained from census and other secondary sources of data on marriage patterns and trends in Botswana over the past 4 decades. The 2011 census marital data was specifically examined in relation to gender, education, residence, religion, citizenship, occupation, household size, household headship and economic activity. The marital status of the population of Botswana has changed considerably over the past 4 decades, reflecting a significant change in social relations and family structure. Data from the previous censuses indicate that the institution of marriage is declining in Botswana between 1971 and 2001. However a slight increase in the proportion of married men was noted between 2001 and 2011while for females it remained constant. Since 1971, the proportion of the population never married increased while a decline in the proportions ‘married’ was experienced. Furthermore, the proportion of the population cohabiting has increased since 1991, when this marital status was first introduced into the census. Cohabitation seems to be more appealing to males than females with increasing age. Based on the analysis conclusions and recommendations for the establishment of a family policy might be a relevant intervention if the vision pillar of ‘A united and proud nation ‘is to be realised. In order to maximise on quality statistics, the definition of marital status need to be revisited to incorporate both the legal and sociocultural frameworks.

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