There are various definitions of PPP; hence, a working definition is needed. PPP is “any arrangement between the government and the private sector in which partially or traditionally public activities are performed by the private sector” (Savas 2000: 4). PPPs have different synonyms such as P3s, Private Sector Participation (PSP) and Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI). However, in common parlance and as it is in this chapter, the acronym PPP is used. PPP arrangements take many different forms, for example, DBFOM (Design, Build, Finance, Operate, and Maintain), DBFM (Design, Build, Finance, and Maintain), DCMF (Design, Construction, Maintain, and Finance), and DBFO (Design, Build Finance, and Operate). Others are PFI (Private Finance Initiative, mainly used in the UK), concession, leasing of public works, joint ventures, and public service contracts. PPPs are mainly used to procure...

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