This paper uses the 2011 Botswana Population and Housing Census data to answer some pertinent questions about ownership of livestock and crops planted by households in Botswana. Specifically the paper determined the distribution of households who owned different livestock and planted different crops by sex of head of households, locality and districts. The paper is organized into four sections, namely, the introduction, methodology, results and conclusions and reveals significant increase in the number of households that keep ostrich, game and plant sweet reeds. Participation of female-headed households in livestock keeping and crop plant is still lower than those of male-headed households. Based on the census data, it is recommended that empowerment of female-headed households be intensified; more agricultural education should be provided to the farming households to fully benefit from any intervention scheme introduced to enhance agricultural production.

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