In this conceptual paper, we examine classical management theory, with focus on the management function and practice. Invariably, most literature of management theory, presents it as rational: pursuance of a common goal, consensus driven, conflict free and apolitical. Yet, in reality, however, the role of management has always been contested, controversial if not problematic. This paper critiques the way management has been and is being conceptualised today, we do this with a view to contributing to the long standing epistemological debate, which nevertheless, is still lacking in African management schools. A realist philosophical analysis is used to illustrate the political role of management practice in the capitalist production system, especially in the control of the labour process. From a Marxist approach of dialectics, we argue that the management function is inherently conflictual by nature because it has to harmonise the contradictions of the political structure from economic ownership and relations of production at shop floor level. Hence the need for management control of labour is an imperative for labour productivity, organizational performance and ultimately profitability.

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