Achieving gender equality is central to any state’s social, economic, and political progress, as more gender-equal societies also tend to be more prosperous, more peaceful, and healthier (United Nations, 2022). More importantly, women’s rights are human rights, and as women and girls represent half of the world’s population, any progress must include them. The government of Botswana has shown commitment to ending gender-based violence (GBV) and discrimination by formulating policies, strategies, and programmes such as the National Policy on Gender and Development (with a National Gender Commission to monitor implementation), the National Gender-Based Violence Strategy 2015-2020, and the Women’s Economic Empowerment Programme (Republic of Botswana, 2017; UN Women, n.d.). The government also subscribes to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 5 – "Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls" (United Nations, 2022). Gender equality is a cross-cutting principle underlying most other SDGs, highlighting that development can only succeed if women and men enjoy its benefits equally. Despite Botswana’s efforts to promote gender equality, it needs significant progress to achieve SDG 5. According to the World Economic Forum’s (2022) Global Gender Gap Index, Botswana ranks 66th among 146 countries in terms of gender parity in critical dimensions: economic opportunities, education, health, and political leadership. Within sub-Saharan Africa, Botswana places 14th among 36 countries considered in the index, well behind toprated Rwanda, Namibia, and South Africa. This dispatch reports on a special survey module included in the Afrobarometer Round 9 (2021/2022) questionnaire to explore citizens’ attitudes, experiences, and perceptions with regard to gender equality in educational attainment, control over assets, hiring, land ownership, and political leadership. Findings show that majorities of Batswana express support for women’s right to equality in hiring, land ownership, and political leadership. But almost half consider it likely that women will suffer criticism, harassment, or family problems if they run for political office. Overall, fewer than half of Batswana approve of the government’s performance in promoting equal rights and opportunities for women, and an overwhelming majority say the government should do more.

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